The archaeological site of Biddaepedra
In Sardinia, in the high Marmilla exists and persists for thousands of years an extraordinary site known today under the name of the city or BiddaePedra Stone. A basalt plateau
modestly mentioned, but dominant in the extension of territory. It rises above the sea between the 180/235 meters. The section then mostly flat stretches for more than 800metri, contain large amounts of basaltic rock terraces. The entire west side is less than 200 meters and bordered by a river.
The same river now dry, retains a memory of the ages past, a riverside wall rock eroded by what must have been an ancient river abundant and rich. As well as along the coast there are stone walls in some places as deep as four meters, as if to contain and demarcate the stream for the ancient Sardis was life itself. The same river forming several loops around the plateau basalt covers the entire site for more than half of its circumference. The loops are presented as a sort of quiet little port to facilitate the 'directly onto the river and the place where you perform the various tasks and daily work.
the footsteps of our ancestors is not limited and too fanciful to say that they were, skilled navigators of freshwater but most of our seas, mighty warriors, inventors and manufacturers metallurgical experts, therefore a people of strong religious and progressed. It is no triumphalism emphasize these virtues of our ancestors, but a just return to that place and made civilization in these lands and the Mediterranean in a well defined chronological period, relentlessly carved their reputation. Sardinia creating one of the most advanced and urbanization of the Mediterranean.
Sardinians as well as other ancient civilizations, provides for the common sense to conceive the existence of at least three or four stages in determinative.
The reality of life on earth, where men and women leading their daily lives free to wander the earth by making the same elements of the same nature in order to obtain the proper place to live. The rocks, earth, trees, rivers, animals, all key factors for the very existence. In this intermediate level rise from the ground floor, supported by the elements, worked rocks, known as Perdas fittas or Perdas Longas or Perdas Ammarmudaras; displayed in chronological framework of this civilization, from the first ancient Protoantropomorfi Anthropomorphic until you get to the Statue Menhir also known as menhirs stand.
The latest, personified in the front schematic anatomical findings nell'apicale aimed at T in a single block nose / eyebrow without eyes and mouth, and horizontal virilizing weapon double dagger at the waist with two triangular blades, and finally the so-called emblematic pictogram chest or Upside-pronged candelabrum, in the inverted world of the afterlife also present in the inner walls of the Domus de Janas .
building's majestic temples, the mysterious Nuraghes because of its identity is not officially recognized as to their functionality. (Housing, Defense, Temples of Worship and Religion, Temples Astronomical, Nuraghi communicators. ... Has never said that it was still a bit of everything). Theirs was an 'architectural evolution that gradually excelled in ages (but was in a second a period not to build more architectural degeneration but merely Rework) known today as the Nuraghe at Hall or protonuraghe, or those in Tholos Nuraghe Spinner until you get to those towers linked by ramparts nuragiche, also known as complexes.
carved directly on the rock karst Signs, Shells, figures of various kinds for various uses. We'll talk about extensively on the route of the village Pedra Biddae dedicated to him.
Stadium basement, was used to living the life they left. The dead buried in the lower back into the land held by the soil or rock. The funerary art of ancient Sardinian is enhanced by another dimension, full of signs and symbols found in the Tomb of the Giants and the Domus de Janas. The two Gods (Symbols of Life) God the Father (the Bull God) and the mother goddess worshiped by the Sardinians from ancient times, are repeated in the carved or painted on the rock walls of the Domus de Janas. The same structure of the tombs of the giants depicts exedra Taurus lying on the ground in the sign of death to form taurine. Most likely the classic Stele Curtain, identify the three stages. The underground (with the 'recess for access into the earth). Earthly life (represented by the band that interposes the two "mirrors"). And what of the sky that is above man (represented by the top mirror with arched tail.)
otherworldly stadium or the space of heaven, where dwell the gods, the forces of nature and the supernatural. The Ancient Sardis had certainly a vigilant and careful evaluation on the observation of the heavens. The next day, at night, the seasons, and the effect of time over the years. The given time frame should be calculated and measured through the media so that the same "time" was in their power.
The Sun, the Moon, the Stars and their Constellations also deified in some way had to be represented and viewed the earth, and this junction perfect with the sky is manifested through the rock. The fourth stage
condescending in expression and "a spectacle" Religion and cults that were practiced around it attached to astronomical events, what was above man. All this had one purpose, to preserve, and make it very influential Consolidating the integrity of Spirituality. Although religiosity for different species is present in other civilizations of the Mediterranean and Sardinian native original still stands out for its "Sardis. The Sun. the Moon, the Stars and Constellations were revered and his "spectacularization" through the many buildings of Nuraghe hired also that this intent. But long before the "Nuraghe this task took the original and simple carving, creating grooves in the rock, signs of various shapes and Shells.
Biddaepedra itinerary. The
Nuraghe Nuraghe shows semisepolto attacked by vegetation. The south-southwest side is dominated by a collapse that brings to light two rooms in Tholos, or wishbone. Between the two towers has a niche badly reduced, but possibly it is just a collapse of the beam inside wall. On
to read the whole Nuragico mention is probably also a kind of spiral staircase that reaches to the upper floors. In fact, the visible part of this structure is the upper floor of the towers. The Nuraghe and built entirely from blocks of semi or partially hewn basalt and trachyte. Murari beams exhibit the use of wedges in the stability of many overlapping blocks. The structure would seem, however, made in a single project. It 'possible that the same scale departed from a small courtyard.
In any case, the times of the inner chambers of the two towers offer a note of praise for their construction suggestionale conformation. The lower the tower has a unique operation, the base occurs at the lintel to right then shape the semicircular room. Height then reconnects to copy constructive act of false vault, very gesture of this structure was probably bound to the same scale as the above-mentioned link.
course, only a well-organized archaeological excavation may return to his true uniformity. The Nuraghe
Biddaepedra is distinguished by a peculiarity that has few parallels on the entire island. In a beam wall has been incorporated a statue Menhir Menhir or standing, which is noted virilizing double dagger weapon with two horizontal blade triangular. Nearby is another fragment of another stone menhirs standing, marked with a pictogram the chest or the so-called Upside-pronged candelabra. Very probably this was included in the shattered walls of the Nuraghe subject to collapse. But the amazing thing is that there is another upside Menhir Intact incorporated into the internal parameter of the main room of the tower. The Menhir and placed in the row above the lintel to the Left. The part with the recordings and facing up so it blocks and concealed by them in overlapping, but with a stack Buana and careful observation you can see the recording and processing made by ancient stonemasons Sardi. There are other standing stones with fragments of classical symbols, partially buried in the Biddaepedra
This feature enhances the occurrence of many hypotheses and arguments about civilization Nuragica. The simple indisputable objective reality to the credit of such evidence and the memory of man is that these valleys appeared numerous sacred Menhir unfortunately stolen.
leaving the entrance to the Temple Nuraghe proceed to the North-West by taking on a slight slope, the edge of the river bank. In this short walk through the fields, you can find shards of obsidian and scattered here and there may be found Roman tombs desecrated. In fact, scattered in the soil near the Nuraghe, there are many pieces of roof tiles funeral, this last point even more value to the hypothesis that the Romans respected the sacred areas of ancient Sardis enough to exercise their graves.
At one point in this plateau you create a barrier seeing a longitudinal view of a terraced basalt rock veneer on a mantle as if the land itself. In this horizontal band, including the separation of land and the live rock, you can see on the right, a circular shape carved directly on the rock assuming as a sort of pedestal for the accommodation of a possible Menhir. To the right you can see a carving that looks just like a kind of "tribune"
Going to the temple by walking on this surface is rocky start to see slots, Shells, and in particular with a rectangular tray measures: 1.50 per mt 80 cm 16 cm high, and others wisely worked by chisel old "Picaperderis" Sardi.
Temple
the highest position of the plateau basalt stands a circular structure by recording a diameter between the external walls around ten meters The complex is buried under the ground where the master, bushes and trees of the Mediterranean hide his identity . The cards that site and registered as a nuraghe. We, for simple convenience, we have christened the Temple. But we do not exclude the possibility that this construction is driving more comparable to a better known "Meeting House" symbolic place where the ancient Sardis gathered to exercise their faiths and manage the government of the people.
east and west of the Temple of resisting external wall beams that are arranged on three rows with four blocks of basalt and trachyte medium size partially processed.
A feature of this site is that the side wall to the west incorporated into the beam you can see a single granite boulder placed on good evidence from basalt and trachyte. It did not raise any comment if it were not for the fact that in this area there is granite and to find the same, you have to leave the area for at least a dozen kilometers. This last conclusion leads us to the hypothesis of the importance that has had the river that runs along the entire site Biddaepedra. Judging its size but particularly for its establishment would seem possible that it once was navigable, revealing himself as a true means of connecting to the trade but also for the transport of timber and possibly obsidian stones.
Close to the "Temple" there is a very special Menhir in Basalt promises in all its part also communicating with many tunnels. Whether it was the hand of man to produce them, would not seem to have doubts, about its functionality and instead very difficult to give an interpretation.
The vault of heaven carved into the rock. We open this chapter
supported by a healthy imagination and immense credit for a fraction of this enigmatic site of one of the many BiddaePedra possible readings.
Common sense and rationality leads us thus to judge and accept without question all possible hypotheses, because this area shall definitely an aura of mystery. But above all, in the first impact does not justify and do not provide a reliable estimate as to its true function in the common sense of everyday life.
We chose the Great. The reproduction of the starry sky on the rock of the ancient "picaperderis" Sardi. The reason is simple, namely that if our ancestors since ancient times, worshiping the sun and the moon why not to be fascinated by the empire and striking starry sky?! The sky that was superior to man, even in the night had to offer through its constellations, the sense of direction and the same reading of the passage of time.
timed over fifty feet, it always goes back to the North West comes to another terrace of basaltic rock, which by its nature has a slight slope from east to west, occupying an area of \u200b\u200bover one hundred square meters.
On one side is again a kind of "pedestal" comparable to the same entrance to the temple except that the latter comes in a square.
It is in this portion, which is enriched with countless recordings directly on the rock with a variety of pan with a round ranging in diameter from 5 cm to 35/40 cm until reaching a depth of 40 cm. Illustration of the channels (of which we still appreciate the chisel) looking to form curved shapes with an area of \u200b\u200bover 15 meters. Between cups and grooves to complete the whole picture, are distributed recesses of different shapes as a form of bowls, including one in a well marked triangular shape where the apex of the joining of the sides open a slot. Other bowls carved on the rock have the same situation as some other behind the brim.
Because of the extent and shape of the site, it was necessary to have a more reasonable overview of all these forms and designs, testing for geographic orientation is also attached. In this case were taken into account all the recordings clearly marked and distinguishable. The end result of the graph gives the perception of a clear work with a purpose.
Currently you can only imagine once again accompanied by a huge fantasy to distinguish by analogy, from graphic design, some constellations.
Those grooves to form one of the Dragon. Underlying it ideally combining the plates would develop the constellation Ursa Minor and Ursa Major that while the triangle-shaped indentation remind the constellation Cepheus.
This space full of signs and figures seemingly static properties are handled, when he enters the water element and the conductive medium of communication. As in the case of a top plate, which when filled to the brim begins to alternately transfer other shells in a default location. And the same channels in their reach at certain points communicate with each other with channels less pronounced, this and other scenarios complete a kind of show.
And very fascinating to watch this situation at dawn and dusk when rain saturates all the drawings by returning a particular reflection of the sky.
Il Frantoio Chalcolithic age ... ... ... .. The Discovery.
In the western part of the site near the second bend of the river, we are facing one of the oldest mills in the Mediterranean. It is assumed to be a settlement of the Middle Bronze Age and was born in the late Chalcolithic period. Organized a rare focal point for the production of olive oil. But it is possible that this site will also carry out processing and wine production, textile dyes, processing of leather, copper and ceramics.
known through the ancient literature, which in ancient times with olive oil, medicines and perfumes were created, was a kind of fuel to power the lamps, as used in sacred worship ungente of the Gods. Its use expanded later on textiles especially for the whole process of wool. Homer also testified to the use of olive oil in the process of spinning in the palace of Alcinous. In fact, olive oil had the power to conceal the smell of goat wool itself.
And maybe it was also known (for collecting the Sansa to fuel small furnaces) its calorific power that could keep the melting point in the processing of metals and ceramics firing.
This shows that the ancient Sardinians had amazing technical accomplishment.
The discovery of several mills in the Chalcolithic period carved into the rock basalt Plateau of Biddaepedra, brings exceptionally, the 'plant described and mentioned by Pliny the Elder considered the oldest.
The first mill consists of a first tank almost rectangular with rounded corners expertly deep about 25 cm long and two meters wide one. Here we gave attention to the work of crushing the olives through with beating hooves or stone rollers. The resulting liquid, down through the bottom of the tank in a natural way because of his inclination. Heading towards the center of the barrier together with a hole 9 / 13 cm to flow into the second pool is also related with the square of the rounded walls deep 35/40 cm long 95 85 cm wide. This containment tank was equipped at the center of a roughly spherical cavity deeper as pockets of debris.
Nearby there is a second mill more or less the same as that described. Is diversified to a lesser extent and for the second containment tank that occurs with nodular 70/50 measures 20 cm deep while the first tank the crushing records 1.50/90 measures 14 cm deep. Besides these, there are other pools scattered across the territory of different shapes for different uses.
This area has also been used as a quarry for the extraction of the rock. In fact, around the perimeter of basaltic terrace that connects to the soft ground, are picked clean showing shapes of all kinds. Of which one in particular with the unfinished extraction of a square block. But much more could be discovered through the careful excavation.
remains the fact that this site, enhance even more the case that has been perennially popular since ancient times.
of the ancient civilizations through the Sarda directly on the rock carvings and built with the same element, fixed indelibly in this Island, so widespread the proud people of their integrity and evolved.
Granitu Sardu
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